Wheat sprout effects on histological and histometrical structure and sperm parameters in testis of rat exposed to lead

Background: Wheat sprout contains a high amount of antioxidants, vitamins [especially vitamin E], minerals and phytoestrogen compounds. Use of medicinal herbs in reducing heavy metal toxicities has increased worldwide. In recent years, negative effects of lead on the male reproductive system and sperm fertility parameters have been shown broadly

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of wheat sprout extract [WSE] and vitamin E on sperm parameters and testicular oxidative stress in rats exposed to lead acetate

Methods: Thirty-five rats were divided randomly into seven groups: Gl [control group] received 1 ml/kg/day of normal saline, G2 received 20 mg/kg/day of lead acetate, G3 and G4 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of WSE respectively, G5 and G6 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of WSE respectively with 20 mg/kg/day of lead acetate, and G7 received 100 mg/kg/day of vitamin E with 20 mg/kg/day of lead acetate. After 35 days, rats were sacrificed and blood, sperm, liver and testicle tissue samples were collected for histomorphological and histochemical studies

Results: Results showed that count, motility and viability of sperms increased following the administration of 200 mg/kg/day of WSE [p<0.01]. Histomorphological studies showed a significant increase in tubular differentiation index [TDI], Repopulation index [RI], number of Sertoli cells, and epithelium of seminiferous tubules in groups receiving 200 mg/kg/day of WSE [p<0.00l]

Conclusions: Results of the current study show that dose dependent WSE significantly prevents testicular toxicity and oxidative stress effects of lead acetate

[Bone protective effects following ethanolic extract [Otostegia persica] administration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: histomorphometric study]

Background: Medical plants have been recently used to treat diabetes. Osteoporosis is one of diabetes side effects and increases the risk of bone fracture in diabetic patient

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential bone protective effects of O.persica ethanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Methods: Forty male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups and treated as follows: group 1 [control]; group 2 [STZ group]: received STZ 50 mg/kg by a single IP injection; groups 3, 4 and 5 treated with STZ as above+ 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg of O. persica extract per day by oral gavage, respectively. On day 29, serum taken for glucose level measurement and left femoral and tibio-fibular bones were dissected for histomorphometric study, while L4 vertebrate were removed for determination of ash weight

Results: 300mg/kg of extract reduced serum glucose levels. Epiphyseal and metaphyseal Trabecular thickness as well as epiphyseal bone area/tissue area significantly decreased in STZ group. O. persica extract at the dosage of 200 mg/kg reversed all these parameters to the control level. No significant difference observed in osteoid thickness among different groups. Ash weight of L4 vertebrate in rats treated with 300 and 450 mg/kg of extract was significantly lower than other groups

Conclusions:The results show that ethanolic extract of O. persica has bone protective effects in STZ-treated rats

[ effect of hypothyroidism on the proliferation of somatic and genital cells in Lori sheep]

The role of thyroid hormones has been recognized in normal embryo development many years ago. These hormones also affected the development of reproductive organs and their activity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inducing hypothyroidism by propyl-2-thiouracyl [PTU] on lambs testicular histomorphology and plasma testosterone concentration. Eighteen Lori-Bakhtari male lambs were divided to 3 groups [n=6] and each received one of the treatments as Control [C: 0 mg PTU/kg BW], Low [L: 10 mg PTU/kg BW] and High [H: 20 mg PTU/kg BW] by gavages, during a 60d experimental period. At the end of the trial, lambs were slaughtered and testes were removed to evaluate their histomorphological characteristics. Mean concentration of T4 and T3 decreased significantly in Land H groups compared with C group [p<0.05]. Hyphothyroidism increased testis weight, number of sertoli and lydig cells, diameter of Seminiferous tubules, diameter of seminiferous lumen, total spermatogonia, number of primary spermatocyte, and total spermatids [p<0.05]. However, PTU had no significant effect on plasma concentration of testosterone [p>0.05]. In the present study, PTU increased testicular weight and the number of cells involved in sperm and testosterone production. Sheep breeders may consider hypothyroidism as a potential approach to increase sperm production capacity in rams before puberty. However, further investigation should be carried out on the quality and quantity of rams' sperm

[ morphometrical study of testis and histometrical study of seminiferous tubules in Coenzyme Q10 fed ostriches]

Nowadays, Coenzyme Q10 is used in male infertility treatment as an oral or injectable supplement. The main role of coenzyme Q10 is presence in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration process to produce energy in the mitochondrial membrane. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Coenzyme Q10 on morphological characteristics of the testis and histological features of seminiferous tubules in ostrich. 18 male ostriches, 6 months old, from South African breed [struthio camelus australis] were selected and divided into three groups of 6. Group one [control] was fed only by maintenance ration. The second group received 10 mg/kg and the third one, 20mg/kg of Coenzyme Q10 in their food. Coenzyme was given orally and once daily. After two months, the birds were slaughtered and gonadosomatic index [GSI], weight, height and diagonal of testis, diameter of the seminiferous tubules as well as lumen diameter, the height of their epithelium and also the number of spermatogonial cells, primary spermatocyte, Sertoli and Leydig cells were compared in the control and experimental groups. At the beginning and on 30[th] and 60[th] days of the experiment, blood samples were taken from the birds for endocrinology investigations and the plasma was separated for measuring the plasma concentration of testosterone and cholesterol. After feeding ostriches with Coenzyme Q10, weight, height, diagonal and testicular gonadosomatic index increased significantly in the experimental groups compared to control group [p

[Effect of xylanase supplementation on small intestine histomorphometry in broiler chickens]

Exogenous enzymes such as xylanase can cause recovery of efficiency in poultry. In this study we investigated the effects of xylanase supplementation on small intestine histomorphometry in broilers chicken. Two levels of xylanase supplementation [with or without 0.07% xyIanase] was used in 4 treatment groups [two repetitions for each group and 15 chicks per group]. After 42 days, 10 chicks from each pen were euthanized to study the duodenum. jejunum. and ileum histomorphometry. Using light microscope, morphological changes of small intestine including villous height. Number of goblet cells, diameter of epithelium, crypt depth and ratio of crypt depth to villous height were evaluated. Addition of xylanase increased villous height and crypt depth [p <0.05] and decreased goblet cell number and epithelium diameter in different sections of small intestine as compared to the control group. The findings of this study suggest that addition of exogenous xylanase in broiler diets based on wheat can effectively increase the absorption of nutrients

[Effects of dietary fat sources on histological structure of testis in Zandi rams]

To investigate the effects of dietary fat sources on histological structures of testis in Zandi rams. Field trial on the basis of completely randomized design [CRD]. Eight 2.5 years old mature Zandi rams. Four experimental feed with different fat sources were used in four groups: without fat supplementation [control or diet 1], supplementation with 4% calcium soaps of fatty acids from tallow [diet 2], supplementation with 4% calcium soaps of fatty acids from soybean oil [diet3] and supplementation with 2% calcium soaps of fatty acids from tallow plus 2% calcified fatty acids from soybean oil [diet 4]. Values of Seminiferous tubule diameter, number of leydig cells, sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and spermatid were determined. Values of testis histological structures were compared by Duncan procedure with GLM. Results showed that ram's reproduction performance and testis histological structures were affected by nutritional conditions of animal [p<0.05]. Moreover, source of dietary fatty acids had significant effect on testis histological structures. Using soybean oil resulted in a significant increase in the seminiferous tubule diameter, seminiferous tubule lumen diameter and number of leydig cell, sertoli cell, spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte [p<0.05]

Histological study of nephrons in the kidney of caspian pony

To determine microscopic structures of nephrons in Caspian pony, a total number of five adult and healthy miniature ponies were provided and after opening the abdominal area, the kidneys were removed. The specimens, after fixation in 10% formalin and tissue passages were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscope. Kidneys are covered by a dense connective tissue. Each kidney is composed of two distinct parts of cortex and medulla which in cortex, renal corpuscles associated with some parts of urinary tubules are located. In medullar part of the kidneys, thin and thick limbs of henle and medullar part of collecting tubules, are observed, which terminate to papillary or Bellini ducts. Kidneys in Caspian pony are very similar to those of other equine. Althoughmorphologically there are some differences between this species and others, but the presence of the capsule and its connections might be a peculiarity in this species

[Histological study of stomach in Caspian pony]

To determine morphological and histological characteristics of stomach in Caspian pony. Observational study. Five mature Caspian pony. A histological study was carried out on the stomach of Caspian pony. one centimeter from different parts of stomach was taken and immediately fixed in 10% formalin. After fixation they were transferred into the tissue processor, paraffin blocks made and thin sections of [five micron] prepared. The tissue sections were stained with H and E. Descriptive study. Stomach of the Caspian pony is composed of cardiac, fondic and pyloric regions. In the internal surface of stomach two distinguishable parts were observed according to their color an mucosa. While its cranial part was paler and non-glandular [fore stomach]. Its posterior part was darker and glandular. A marginal fold as margo plicatus was located between them. Forestomach has stratified squamous epithelium deep, medial and superficial regions. Glands were not seen in lamina propria and submucosa, glands were seen. In the posterior part, the epithelium is simple columnar and lamina propria has many gastric glands, besides of some mucosal glands of deep layer. Cranial part of stomach can be considered as fore stomach because of lacking secretory glands, its structure is similar to esophagus. In the forestomach of Caspian pony, presence of three distinguishable cellular regions is a pecularity. Furthermore, its columnar cells with mucos secretion and presence of mucosal glands in the deep layer of lamina propria are characteristics of forestomach in Caspian pony